An operational amplifier can be described as a voltage source dependent on the differential input voltage between its input terminals.
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However, due to manufacturing process, the differential input transistors of real op-amps may not be exactly matched.
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Since conventional op-amps have a differential input, the inverting input is grounded to make the reference point zero volts.
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The effective voltage applied to the op-amp input is floating so the op-amp must have a differential input.
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This causes the output to be zero at a non-zero value of differential input, called the input offset voltage.
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However, the differential input stage of an operational amplifier is never perfect, leading to the amplification of these common voltages to some degree.
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An op-amp typically has a differential input stage and a totem pole output, the circuit usually having a minimum of five active devices.
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There, a differential input amplifier routed the signal through the front panel attenuation fader to the input low-pass ( anti-alias ) filter.
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Also known as transconveyance amplifiers, CTAs amplify electronic signals by dynamically conveying charge between capacitive nodes in proportion to the size of a differential input voltage.
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Other features available on some models include flexible hardware resolution, switchable bandwidth limiters, switchable high-impedance and 50 ohm inputs, and differential inputs.
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